Poaceae

Poaceae or Gramineae is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants known as grasses , commonly

Referred to collectively as grass. Poaceae includes the cereal, grasses,

Bamboos and the grasses of natural grassland and cultivated lawns and

Pasture.

 

 

                                        

                                         Fig: Flowering head of meadow foxtail

                                                           (Alopecurus pratensis), with stamens

                                                            exerted at anthesis.

 

Economic importance of Poaceae

The Poacecae are the most economically important plant family,

Providing staple foods from domesticated cereal crops such as

Maize, wheat, rice, barley, and millet as well as feed for meat-

Producing animals. They are used as building materials (bamboo,

Thatch, and straw).

 

*Food Production

  Agricultural grasses grown for their edible seeds are called cereals or

  grains (although the latter term, agriculturally, refers to both cereals

  and legumes). Of all crops grown, 70% are grasses. Three cereals- Rice,

  Wheat, and maize i.e Oryza sativa , Triticum aestivum, Zea mays

  Respectively– provide more than half of all calories consumed by

  humans.  

 

  Sugarcane( Saccharum officinarum )is the major source of sugar

  Production. Additional food uses of sugarcane include sprouted grain,

  Shoots, and rhizome, and in drink they include sugarcane juice and plant

  Milk, as well as rum, beer, whisky and vodka.

 

  Lemongrass (Cymbopogon sp.) is a grass used as a culinary herb for its

  Citrus- like flavor and scent.

 

  Ethyl alcohol and many other kind of beverages are also prepared from

  Cereals. For example Whisky from Rye, Barley and Corn and Rum molasses

  From sugarcane.

 

  The dried stem and leaves of the cereal crop are used as fodder for the stem.

  Also (Sorghastrum nutans) Indian grass called as yellow Indian grass, is good

  Forage plant for livestock.

 

 

Fig : Grazing cattle on a pasture near Hradec and Moravici in Czech Silesia.

 

 

Industry

Grasses are used as raw material for a multitude of purposes, including construction and in the composition of building materials such cob, for

Insulation, in the manufacture of paper and board such as oriented

Structural straw board. Grass fiber can be used for making paper, and

For biofuel production. Bamboo scaffolding is able to withstand typhoon

-force winds that would break steel scaffolding. Larger bamboos and

Arundo donax have stout culms that can be used in a manner similar

To timber, Arundo is used to make reeds for woodwind instruments, and

Bamboo is used for innumerable implements. Bamboo (Bambusa) are used

For building materials.

 

Phragmites australis (common reed) is important for thatching and grass

Roots stabilize the sod of sod houses. Reeds are used in water treatment

Systems, in Afro- Eurasia.  

 

Uses in Lawn

Grasses are the primary plant used in lawns e.g. Agrostis , which derive themselves from grazed grasslands in Europe. They also provide an

Important means of erosion control ( e. g, along roadsides, ) Grass lawns

Are an important covering of playing surfaces in many sports, including

Football, tennis, golf, cricket, softball and baseball.

 

                                  

Fig : A lawn in front of a building                                                     Fig : Forms of grass are used to cover

                                                                                                       Baseball fields, like this one in Citi

                                                                                                                 Field, home of the New York Mets.

Ornamental uses

Ornamental grasses, such as perennial bunch grasses, are used in many

Styles of garden design for their foliage, inflorescences, seed heads. They

Are often used in natural landscaping, xeriscaping and slope stabilizing

In contemporary landscaping, wildlife gardening and native plant gardening.

 

^ Certain grasses give aromatic oil e.g., Cymbopogon citratus

(Lemon grass).

^ Miscanthus commonly known as elephant grass is a genus of

grass family.

Economically important grasses

Grain crops	Leaf and stem crops	Lawn grasses	Ornamental grasses (Horticulture)	Model organisms
Barley (Hordeum vulgare)	Bamboo (Bambusoideae)	Bahia grass (Paspalum notatum)	Calamagrostis Spp.	Brachypodium distachyon
Maize(corn) (Zea mays)	Marram grass (Ammophila sp.)	Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon)	Cortaderia spp.	Maize(corn) (Zea mays)
Oats (Avena sativa )	Meadow grass (Poa annua)	Bluegrass (Poa annua)	Deschampsia Spp.	Rice (Oryza sativa)
Rice(Oryza sativa)	Reeds (Phragmites sp.)	Buffalo grass (Bouteloua dactyloides)	Festuca spp.	Sorghum(Sorghum bicolor)
Rye (Secale cereale)	Ryegrass (Lolium perenne)	Centipede grass (Eremochloa ophiuroides)	Melica spp.	Wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)	Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)	Fescue (Festuca pratensis)	Muhlenbergia spp.
Wheat (Triticum aestivum)		Ryegrass (Lolium perenne)	Stipa spp.
Millet		St. Augustine grass (Stenotaphrum secundatum)
		Zoysia
		Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera)

 

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